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Nat. Med.:不同疟原虫之间会相互抑制 |
添加时间:2011-10-24 08:54:09 浏览次数:1376
来源:生物谷
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不同疟原虫在实验鼠体内会因争夺生存资源而相互抑制,如能利用这种机制,或有助于防治疟疾。
在疟疾肆虐的一些非洲地区,人们经常会被多种携带不同疟原虫的蚊子叮咬。不过,人在感染疟疾后,再被另一种疟原虫感染的情况却不多。过去人们并不清楚这种现象的原因。
英国牛津大学研究人员和葡萄牙等国同行报告说,通常疟原虫进入人和动物体内后,会先在肝脏中生长一段时间,然后进入血液感染红细胞。在肝脏和血液中,疟原虫的生长都需要铁元素。研究人员通过动物实验发现,如果让实验鼠先感染一批疟原虫,这批疟原虫进入血液后会刺激肌体释放一种名为铁调素的物质,控制肝脏中的铁含量,如果第二批疟原虫进入肌体,它们就会因得不到足够铁元素而无法在肝脏中生长。
牛津大学研究人员哈尔德雷克史密斯说:“现在我们知道身体中不同的疟原虫之间会互相竞争,如果能想办法利用这种机制,也许可以帮助我们研发防治疟疾的新方法。”
此外,本次研究也说明,在疟疾高发地区,如果要通过补铁来治疗贫血,还应该更仔细地权衡利弊,以免补铁增加疟原虫重复感染的风险。
疟疾是由疟原虫引起的疾病,经蚊子叮咬传播,其症状包括发热、头痛等,如不及时治疗可能危及生命。据世界卫生组织统计,2009年全球有78.1万人死于疟疾,其中多数生活在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Nature Medicine, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/nm.2368
Host-mediated regulation of superinfection in malaria
Silvia Portugal, Céline Carret, Mario Recker, Andrew E Armitage, Lígia A Gon?alves, Sabrina Epiphanio, David Sullivan, Cindy Roy, Chris I Newbold, Hal Drakesmith, Maria M Mota
In regions of high rates of malaria transmission, mosquitoes repeatedly transmit liver-tropic Plasmodium sporozoites to individuals who already have blood-stage parasitemia1. This manifests itself in semi-immune children (who have been exposed since birth to Plasmodium infection and as such show low levels of peripheral parasitemia but can still be infected) older than 5 years of age by concurrent carriage of different parasite genotypes at low asymptomatic parasitemias2. Superinfection presents an increased risk of hyperparasitemia and death in less immune individuals but counterintuitively is not frequently observed in the young3, 4. Here we show in a mouse model that ongoing blood-stage infections, above a minimum threshold, impair the growth of subsequently inoculated sporozoites such that they become growth arrested in liver hepatocytes and fail to develop into blood-stage parasites. Inhibition of the liver-stage infection is mediated by the host iron regulatory hormone hepcidin5, whose synthesis we found to be stimulated by blood-stage parasites in a density-dependent manner. We mathematically modeled this phenomenon and show how density-dependent protection against liver-stage malaria can shape the epidemiological patterns of age-related risk and the complexity of malaria infections seen in young children. The interaction between these two Plasmodium stages and host iron metabolism has relevance for the global efforts to reduce malaria transmission and for evaluation of iron supplementation programs in malaria-endemic regions.
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