
仙女蜂的个头与阿米巴原虫和草履虫差不多大
如果你也想把自己的身体缩小到阿米巴原虫那么小,不舍弃一些东西或许不太可能。
最近,一位研究者用显微镜研究仙女蜂时发现了这一现象。仙女蜂是全世界最小的动物之一,体长只有200μm(约1/4毫米)。这位研究者把成年仙女蜂与蛹期的仙女蜂进行对比,发现成年仙女蜂的神经元95%都没有核。这说明,尽管仙女蜂在生长发育的时候需要全部的神经元,但当它成年以后所需要的神经元会少得多。
这项新的研究成果发表在本月《节肢动物结构与发育》杂志的网络版上。正因为如此,仙女蜂才能够把自己的身体缩得这么小,从而躲开绝大部分对手的攻击,同时成功地入侵其他昆虫的卵。
作为世界上最小的飞虫,仙女蜂主要以其他昆虫的卵作为食物。上述研究者的论文指出,仙女蜂在蛹期的时候,也和其他昆虫一样,拥有大约7400个神经元,而且每个都有核。但是在蛹发育到最后一个阶段时,大部分神经元的细胞本体都分解了,这使得成年仙女蜂只有339~372个神经元有核,其他7000个神经元都不具有核。
虽然只有这么少的神经元有核,但是仙女蜂还是能够优雅而快速地飞行,也能够顺利找到寄主。
这样小的飞虫,它的寿命是多长呢?大概是21天。它主要是寄生在蓟马属昆虫身上,吸食它们的营养,并在它们体内产卵,从而完成自己的生殖繁衍。蓟马属昆虫有不少都是农作物害虫,因此仙女蜂也常被人们用作生物防治蓟马属害虫的有效方式。
The smallest insects evolve anucleate neurons
Alexey A. Polilov
The smallest insects are comparable in size to unicellular organisms. Thus, their size affects their structure not only at the organ level, but also at the cellular level. Here we report the first finding of animals with an almost entirely anucleate nervous system. Adults of the smallest flying insects of the parasitic wasp genus Megaphragma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) have only 339–372 nuclei in the central nervous system, i.e., their ganglia, including the brain, consist almost exclusively of processes of neurons. In contrast, their pupae have ganglia more typical of other insects, with about 7400 nuclei in the central nervous system. During the final phases of pupal development, most neuronal cell bodies lyse. As adults, these insects have many fewer nucleated neurons, a small number of cell bodies in different stages of lysis, and about 7000 anucleate cells. Although most neurons lack nuclei, these insects exhibit many important behaviors, including flight and searching for hosts.
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